立靶测量设备中越靶目标姿态的精确测量

	立靶测量设备中越靶目标姿态的精确测量
其他题名	Accurate measurement of Bullet’s AttitudeBy Vertical Target
	鲁成刚
学位类型	硕士
导师	王延杰
	2015
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位专业	机械工程
关键词	光电立靶多阵列坐标测量飞行弹丸攻角
摘要	武器性能检测技术是兵器科学研究中的一个重要分支。伴随着现代武器科学的发展，新型武器的各项性能越来越优秀，同时兵器科研的高速发展以及军队装备更新速度的大大提升，都对武器性能的测试工作提出了更加严苛的要求。光电立靶测量系统因其结构简单、使用方便、测量精度高、测量速度快等突出优点得到了广泛的应用。越靶目标姿态的精确测量是立靶测量中的重要方面。本文结合实验室在研项目，系统的阐述了立靶测量系统的工作原理、结构组成以及工作流程等，通过立靶交汇测量原理推导出光电立靶系统目标成像坐标的计算公式；并使用数字图像处理方法对立靶系统采集图像进行了分析处理，对立靶图像处理常用的帧差二值化方法以及边缘检测法进行了研究对比，对两种方法的优缺点进行了分析，并对帧差二值化方法进行了改进，提出了一种新的自适应滤波的方法对图像噪声的干扰进行了处理，相对传统去噪方法取得了更好的效果，并利用对目标直径、长度、速度轨迹的研究提出了较为完善的越靶假目标判定剔除方法，增强了系统的抗干扰能力。本文对传统光电立靶的越靶目标获取方法以及系统标定方法进行了论述，针对传统标定方法的不足提出了整体标定方法以及利用查表法求解弹丸越靶坐标的方法。这种方法虽然在前期标定时比较复杂但标定之后制作出了像元位置表就可以非常方便的获取弹丸坐标，而且这种方法可以方便的控制测量精度。本文对弹丸攻角的测量方法进行了研究。基于立靶坐标交汇测量原理，对传统单线阵CCD立靶系统做了介绍，指出了单线阵立靶无法完成弹丸攻角测量的问题。在此基础上提出了利用面阵相机模拟多阵列立靶测量系统进行攻角测量的方法，利用6个交汇列图像在空间交汇组成光幕阵列，根据飞行弹丸穿越不同光幕阵列的时刻和多光幕立靶系统结构参数，提出了一种新的计算弹丸攻角的方法。利用此方法巧妙的避免了弹头、弹尾着靶点距离误差对测量结果的影响，保证了测量精度，降低了系统成本，并对攻角测量的误差进行了推导。最后提出了面阵相机对弹丸攻角的测量方法，对面阵相机弹丸攻角测量公式进行了推导。
其他摘要	The testing of weapons is an important branch of scientific research. With the development of modern weapons science, the performance of new weapons become better. So the testing of weapons should be more accurately. Photoelectric target measuring system has been widely used because of its simple structure, high accuracy, measurement speed and other advantages. The accurate measurement of targets is an important aspect of vertical target system. This paper research on calibration of the vertical target system,firstly built the model for the vertical target system.This paper came up with a new calibration method of on entire system. In this paper, measuring principle and work process are described. The calculating method of bullet’s coordinate is deduced by the principle of coordinate- intersection. The images of the target system is analyzed by the digital image processing method. The background and target are separated by substation, the edge- detecting algorithm is also studied.A new mothed named adaptive –filtering is put forward to reduce the noise. The characters of bullet, such as diameter, length and speed ,are studied to remove the false target. This paper introduces the traditional vertical target system of single-linear CCD based on measuring principle of coordinate- intersection and analyses the shortage of projectile’s attack angle measurement with single-linear CCD Vertical Target. This shortage is mainly caused by the low scanning rate and the error in measuring the position of head and the tail-end of the projectile. On this basis, a new design of multi-linear vertical target system is put forward to measure Projectile’s Attack Angle. Six images of vertical target are used to construct this system. A new measuring method based on the time through the target and the structure of this system. Using the multi-linear vertical target system avoid the error in measuring the position of head and the tail-end of the projectile.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/49292
专题	中科院长春光机所知识产出
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	鲁成刚. 立靶测量设备中越靶目标姿态的精确测量[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015.