小型空间测绘相机光学系统研究

	小型空间测绘相机光学系统研究
	任秉文
学位类型	博士
导师	金光
	2014-07
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位专业	光学工程
摘要	测绘卫星是地球观测信息系统的重要组成部分，是地理信息和测绘数据的一个重要的信息来源。通过测绘卫星获得的高分辨率、高精度的影像资料，可以满足各种比例尺度的地形图更新的需求，并且广泛应用于城市规划与工程建设、国土资源调查、灾害监测。随着国内国民经济和社会信息化建设的迅猛发展，高精度、高分辨力测绘信息的获取变得越来越迫切，然而，我国测绘卫星在分辨力及测绘精度方面与国际强国之间的差距仍然十分巨大，高精度、高分辨的测绘业务应用数据更多依赖国外的测绘卫星，给我国测绘数据应用工作的顺利、及时的开展带来了极大的限制，因此研制具有自主知识产权的测绘卫星迫在眉睫。立体测绘相机是实现航天立体测绘的核心，由于三线阵/双线阵立体测绘相机拍摄的立体像对几乎是在同一时刻在同样的辐射条件下得到的，具有其他立体摄影方法无可比拟的优势，且对于实现相同的测绘精度，其所需的姿态精度及定轨精度也较低，因此是当前我国实现高精度测绘的首选形式，本论文致力于双线阵小型高分辨立体测绘相机的理论研究，为进一步研制相关测绘相机奠定基础。首先，本文对国内外空间测绘相机的发展状况进行了调研，详细比较了法国SPOT-5卫星立体成像仪、印度Cartosat-1立体测绘相机、德国传输型三线阵CCD测绘相机MOMS-02P、日本立体测绘全色遥感仪器PRISM，并调研了高分辨遥感卫星应用于立体测绘的现状及国内三线阵立体测绘卫星的发展状况。在轨运行的空间相机会受到像移的影响从而导致分辨力的退化，国内外学者对其产生原理及抑制方法开展了大量研究，但对于畸变像差产生的像移的研究还较少，本文对其开展了详细的研究，对畸变像差产生像移的原理进行分析，并对其像移量计算公式进行推导，进而给出其对测绘相机分辨力的退化影响，为抑制其对分辨力产生的影响，对消畸变全反射光学系统设计进行了分析，提出消畸变四反射光学系统结构，对其初级像差关系式进行了推导，并针对二次成像的四反射系统分析了其设计参数的选取条件及设计方法。依据高分辨立体测绘任务指标，对立体测绘相机的设计参数进行了分析，针对双线阵立体测绘相机整体尺寸庞大的限制因素，开展小型化测绘相机光学系统的研究，对小型化光学系统结构形式及设计参数的选取进行讨论，提出了小型准同轴四反射结构形式的测绘相机光学系统，对前后视相机开展了具体设计，并进行像质评价及公差分析。实现高精度立体测绘不仅需要成像时刻的姿态和轨道信息高度精确，而且需要测绘相机的内方位元素保持稳定，空间相机在轨工作受到环境因素影响，为保证成像质量需要调整焦平面位置，论文针对调焦后的主距实时监测的需求，对主距实时监测方法开展分析，对在轨主距计算表达式进行了推导，并开展相应的仿真实验。
其他摘要	Mapping satellite is an important part of the information system of Earth Observations, and is an important source of geographic information and mapping data. High-resolution and high-accuracy image data obtained by mapping satellite can be used to meet the needs of various ratio scales topographic map updates, and can be widely used in urban planning and construction, land resources survey and disaster monitoring. With the rapid development of China's national economy and social informatization degree, high-accuracy and high-resolution mapping data’s obtaining become even more urgent. However, the gap of mapping satellite technology between our country and international lead in resolution and accuracy is still enormous. Most of precision mapping data and high-resolution remote sensing data for business applications are dependent on foreign mapping satellite. It seriously limits the mapping data applications of our country carry out smoothly and timely. Therefore, development of the mapping satellite with intellectual property rights is extremely imperative. Stereoscopic mapping camera is the core to achieve aerospace three-dimensional mapping. Because the mapping camera using three-line array CCD or two-line array CCD obtains the stereoscopic imagery pairs almost at the same time and same radiation condition, it is superior to other stereo photographic method. To realize the same stereo mapping accuracy, the mapping camera using three-line array CCD or two-line array CCD requires lower attitude and orbit accuracy. It is currently preferred form of high accuracy mapping for our country. In this paper , we concentrate on the theoretical study of mapping camera using two-line array CCD, and lays the foundation for further develop the related mapping camera. Firstly, the status of domestic and overseas development of space mapping camera is investigated and surveyed. SPOT-5 satellite stereo imager of France, Cartosat-1 stereo mapping camera of India, transmission-type three-line CCD mapping camera MOMS-02P of Germany, stereo mapping panchromatic remote sensing instruments PRISM of Japan are compared detailedly. The status of high-resolution remote sensing satellites used in stereo mapping and the status of domestic development of three-line array CCD mapping satellite is surveyed as well. During operation in orbit, space camera will suffer the effects of image motion, and finally resulting in degradation of resolution. The domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of researches on the principles of image motion and the suppression methods. But the related study on the image motion caused by distortion is less at present. In this paper thoroughly research on image motion produced by distortion is carried out. The principle of image motion generated by distortion aberration is analyzed. And its image motion arithmetic expression is deduced. Furthermore, the degradation effect on the resolution of the mapping camera by it is analyzed. To inhibit the degradation of resolution, the principle of all reflective system with distortion correction is discussed. The optical system eliminating distortion with four mirrors is proposed, and its third order aberrations formula is deduced. The design method and parameters range of twice imaging four mirrors system is analyzed. According to high-resolution stereo mapping tasks, specific parameters of optical system are analyzed. For mapping satellite with two-line array CCD, the entre camera’s size is the limiting factor, so the research on small-size optical system is carried out. The miniaturized structure form and design parameters are discussed. Miniaturized similarly on-axis type mapping camera is given. Front and rear cameras of mapping satellite are specifically designed. To achieve high-accuracy stereo mapping not only requires highly accurate information of attitude and orbit, but also needs to keep the inner orientation elements of mapping camera stable. When space camera operates in orbit, it suffers the effects of environment change. In order to guarantee the image quality, it needs to adjust the position of focal plane. To meet the need of real-time focal distance monitor, in this paper, the monitoring method of focal distance is analyzed. The corresponding focal distance formula is deduced, and the accuracy of focal distance calculation is discussed, also the corresponding simulation is carried out.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/41457
专题	中科院长春光机所知识产出
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	任秉文. 小型空间测绘相机光学系统研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014.

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